Covsmog check(emissions inspection) yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua raws li lub tsheb ib puag ncig, leveragingOn-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II)system saib xyuas thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov tsheb ua tau raws li cov qauv emission. Hauv qab no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog nws cov kev ua haujlwm, kev siv tswv yim, thiab kev siv txoj cai thoob plaws ntau lub tebchaws.
1. Core Functions ntawm OBD-II hauv Smog Checks
OBD-II system txuas ntxiv saib xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam thiab cov txheej txheem subsystems, tshawb xyuas qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug ntau dhau. Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Real-Time Emission Monitoring: Taug qab cov khoom xws li catalytic converters, oxygen sensors, pa pa recirculation (EGR) systems, thiab evaporative emission tswj. Piv txwv li, OBD-II piv ua ntej thiab tom qab-catalytic converter oxygen sensor teeb liab los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm catalytic. Qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau muaj qhov yuam kev (piv txwv li, P0420) thiab teeb pom kev teeb pom kev tsis zoo (MIL).
- Fault Code Storage: Cov ntawv teev cov teeb meem kuaj mob (DTCs) thaum emissions tshaj qhov pib, pab cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem thaum kuaj xyuas.
- Npaj Saib Xyuas: Tshawb xyuas seb txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob cuam tshuam puas tau ua tiav kev ntsuas tus kheej. Cov tsheb uas muaj cov saib tsis tiav tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav cov tshuaj xyuas smog txawm tias tsis muaj DTCs.
2. Kev siv cov kev siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas smog
- Kev ua raws li Emission: Xyuas kom cov tsheb ua raws li cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam huab cua zoo los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov NOx, CO, lossis hydrocarbon emissions ntau dhau.
- Lub Hom Phiaj Kho: Muab cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo rau cov neeg kho tshuab los daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb, txo lub sijhawm kho thiab cov nqi.
- Txoj Cai Tswjfwm: Kev koom ua ke nrog tsoomfwv cov cai tswjfwm kom tshem tawm cov tsheb uas muaj pa taws ntau lossis ua haujlwm rov qab rau cov qauv tsis raug.
3. Kev ua raws txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb
Tebchaws Meskas
- California: Raws li ib tug pioneer nyob rau hauv cov kev cai emissions, California mandates OBD-II checks rau smog certification. Cov tsheb yuav tsum dhau OBD-II scans, MIL cov xwm txheej kuaj xyuas, thiab kev npaj saib xyuas kev ntsuas. California Air Resources Board (CARB) kuj tseem tswj hwm cov kev cai nruj rau cov tsheb ua lag luam, xws li yuav tsum muaj kev ntes cov pa phem hauv cov chaw nres nkoj.
- New York: Diesel tsheb tshaj 8,500 lbs nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xaiv (xws li, NYC) yuav tsum tau txhua xyoo OBD-II emission tshuaj xyuas. Cov tsheb tsis ua raws cai raug nplua nyiaj txog $1,30026.
European Union
- Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Spain: OBD checks tau muab tso rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas raws sij hawm (PTI). Spain ntiav cov kev soj ntsuam kev sib txuas-tso los kuaj xyuas qhov cuam tshuam (xws li SCR urea system bypasses), thaum lub teb chaws Yelemees npaj yuav txaisOn-Board Monitoring (OBM)rau real-time emission cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau regulators.
Tuam Tshoj
- Cov cai tsis ntev los no (xws li,Kev pom zoo ntawm Kev Txhim Kho Lub Tsheb Tsav Tsheb Environmental Supervision) hais txog OBD-raws li kev saib xyuas tej thaj chaw deb rau cov tsheb thauj khoom hnyav. Cov tsheb uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv emission ruaj khov tuaj yeem hla kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev txhua xyoo, thaum cov uas tsis ua raws cai yuav raug nplua lossis rov qab los.
- Cov txheej txheem soj ntsuam sib txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj "peb noes thiab ob qho kev hloov kho" (xws li, cuam tshuam nrog OBD systems lossis cov khoom siv tswj kev ua qias tuaj).
Nyiv
- Thaum Nyiv lub shaken (kev tshuaj xyuas lub tsheb) qhov system tsom rau kev nyab xeeb, OBD-II cov ntaub ntawv tau siv ntau ntxiv los txheeb xyuas kev ua raws li cov pa hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsheb qub.
4. Kev sib tw thiab kev tsim kho tshiab
- Tampering Risks: Qee tus tswv tsheb tswj OBD cov tshuab kom hla dhau kev tswj hwm emission. Cov kev ntsuas suav nrog ECU software pov thawj (xws li, CALID / CVN cov tshev hauv Asmeskas) thiab kev saib xyuas OBD nyob deb.
- Kev Txawj Ntse: Lub teb chaws zoo li Tuam Tshoj thiab EU tau txais yuavtej thaj chaw deb OBD telematicsthiab AI-tsav (qhov chaw taws teeb sensing) los txhim kho kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm
Post lub sij hawm: May-08-2025
