1. Mabatire a Lead-Acid
- Kufotokozera: Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri wa magalimoto oyaka mkati mwa injini (ICE), wopangidwa ndi ma cell asanu ndi limodzi a 2V mndandanda (okwana 12V). Amagwiritsa ntchito lead dioxide ndi sponge lead ngati zinthu zogwira ntchito ndi sulfuric acid electrolyte.
- Ma subtypes:
- Madzi osefukira (zachilendo): Imafunika kukonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi (mwachitsanzo, kudzaza ma electrolyte).
- Mavavu-Regulated (VRLA): Imaphatikizapo ma Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) ndi mabatire a Gel, omwe sakonza komanso kuti asatayike139.
- Miyezo:
- China GB: Zitsanzo zizindikiro ngati6-QAW-54aonetsani mphamvu yamagetsi (12V), kugwiritsa ntchito (Q yamagalimoto), mtundu (A wa zowuma, W zosungirako), mphamvu (54Ah), ndi kukonzanso (a pakuwongolera koyamba)15.
- JIS waku Japan: mwachitsanzo,Mtengo wa NS40ZL(N= mulingo wa JIS, S=kukula kochepa, Z=kutulutsa kowonjezera, L=chingwe chakumanzere)19.
- German DIN: Ma code ngati54434(5 = mphamvu <100Ah, 44Ah mphamvu)15.
- American BCI: mwachitsanzo,58430(58=kukula kwa gulu, 430A kuzizira kozizira)15.
2. Mabatire Opangidwa ndi Nickel
- Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd): Zosowa m'magalimoto amakono chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe. Mphamvu yamagetsi: 1.2V, moyo wautali ~ 500 kuzungulira37.
- Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH): Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto osakanizidwa. Kutha kwapamwamba (~ 2100mAh) ndi moyo wautali (~ 1000 cycle)37.
3. Mabatire Opangidwa ndi Lithium
- Lithium-Ion (Li-ion): Olamulira pamagalimoto amagetsi (EVs). Kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu (3.6V pa selo), kupepuka, koma kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchulukira komanso kuthamanga kwamafuta37.
- Lithium Polima (Li-Po): Amagwiritsa ntchito polima electrolyte kuti azitha kusinthasintha komanso kukhazikika. Zocheperako kutayikira koma zimafunikira kasamalidwe kolondola37.
- Miyezo:
- GB 38031-2025: Imatchula zofunikira zachitetezo pamabatire a EV traction, kuphatikiza kukhazikika kwamafuta, kugwedezeka, kuphwanya, ndi kuyesa kozungulira mwachangu kuti mupewe moto/kuphulika210.
- GB/T 31485-2015: Amalamula mayeso achitetezo (kuchulukira, kufupikitsa, kutentha, etc.) kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi nickel-metal hydride46.
Kufunika kwa Battery Health pachitetezo cha magalimoto
- Mphamvu Yoyambira Yodalirika:
- Batire lowonongeka likhoza kulephera kupereka ma cranking amps okwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini iwonongeke, makamaka m'malo ozizira. Miyezo ngati BCI'sCCA (Cold Cranking Amps)onetsetsani kuti mukugwira ntchito m'malo otentha otsika15.
- Kukhazikika kwadongosolo lamagetsi:
- Mabatire ofooka amayambitsa kusinthasintha kwamagetsi, kuwononga zida zamagetsi (monga ma ECU, infotainment). Mapangidwe opanda kukonza (monga, AGM) amachepetsa kutayikira komanso kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri13.
- Kupewa Zowopsa za Thermal:
- Mabatire olakwika a Li-ion amatha kulowa m'malo otentha, kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni kapena kuyambitsa moto. Miyezo ngatiGB 38031-2025khazikitsani mayeso okhwima (mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwapansi, kukana kufalikira kwa matenthedwe) kuti muchepetse ngozizi210.
- Kutsata Ma Protocol a Chitetezo:
- Mabatire okalamba amatha kulephera kuyesa chitetezo mongakukana kugwedezeka(DIN miyezo) kapenasungani mphamvu(BCI's RC rating), kuonjezera mwayi wa ngozi zadzidzidzi16.
- Zowopsa Zachilengedwe ndi Ntchito:
- Ma electrolyte otayikira kuchokera ku mabatire a lead-acid owonongeka amawononga chilengedwe. Kuwunika zaumoyo pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yamagetsi, kukana kwamkati) kumatsimikizira kutsata miyezo ya chilengedwe ndi magwiridwe antchito39.
Mapeto
Mabatire azigalimoto amasiyana malinga ndi chemistry ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito, iliyonse imayang'aniridwa ndi madera omwe amayendera (GB, JIS, DIN, BCI). Thanzi la batri ndilofunika osati kokha pa kudalirika kwa galimoto komanso kupewa kulephera koopsa. Kutsatira mfundo zomwe zikusintha (mwachitsanzo, ma protocol otetezedwa a GB 38031-2025) amawonetsetsa kuti mabatire azitha kupirira zinthu zovuta kwambiri, kuteteza ogwiritsa ntchito komanso chilengedwe. Kuwunika pafupipafupi (mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwanthawi zonse, kuyesa kwamkati) ndikofunikira kuti muzindikire zolakwika msanga ndikutsatira.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira zoyesera kapena madera, onani milingo yomwe yatchulidwa ndi malangizo opanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-16-2025
