Thecheke smog(Emissions inspection) ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakutsata chilengedwe chagalimoto, kuwongoleraKuzindikira Pa board II (OBD-II)dongosolo loyang'anira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magalimoto akukwaniritsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya. Pansipa pali tsatanetsatane wa magwiridwe antchito ake, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, ndi kakhazikitsidwe ka mfundo m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
1. Ntchito Zazikulu za OBD-II mu Macheke a Smog
Dongosolo la OBD-II mosalekeza limayang'anira magawo okhudzana ndi utsi ndi ma subsystems, kuzindikira zovuta zomwe zingayambitse mpweya woipa kwambiri. Zofunikira zazikulu ndi izi:
- Real-Time Emission Monitoring: Imatsata zinthu monga ma catalytic converters, masensa okosijeni, makina a exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), ndi zowongolera zotulutsa mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, OBD-II imafanizira ma siginecha a okosijeni asanachitike komanso pambuyo pa catalytic kuti awone momwe zimathandizira. Kusagwirizana kumayambitsa nambala yolakwika (mwachitsanzo, P0420) ndikuwunikira Nyali Yowonongeka Yowonongeka (MIL).
- Fault Code Storage: Logos diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) pamene mpweya wotuluka umaposa malire, kuthandiza akatswiri pozindikira zovuta pakuwunika.
- Kukonzekera Zowunika: Kuwunika ngati machitidwe onse okhudzana ndi utsi amaliza kudziyesa. Magalimoto okhala ndi ma monitor osakwanira amatha kulephera kuyang'ana utsi ngakhale palibe ma DTC.
2. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino kwa Smog Checks
- Kutsata kwa Emission: Imawonetsetsa kuti magalimoto akutsatira miyezo ya mpweya wa m'deralo pozindikira mpweya wochuluka wa NOx, CO, kapena hydrocarbon.
- Kukonza Zolinga: Amapereka zidziwitso zomwe zingachitike kwa zimango kuti zithetse zolakwika zinazake, kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza ndi ndalama.
- Kukhazikitsa Ndondomeko: Imaphatikizana ndi malamulo aboma kuti athetse magalimoto otulutsa mpweya wambiri kapena kuyitanitsa zokumbukira zamitundu yolakwika.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndondomeko Yadziko Lonse
United States
- California: Monga mpainiya wa malamulo otulutsa utsi, California ikulamula kuti OBD-II iyang'ane ziphaso zautsi. Magalimoto amayenera kudutsa masikeni a OBD-II, macheke a MIL, komanso kuwunika kowunika. California Air Resources Board (CARB) imakhazikitsanso malamulo okhwima pamagalimoto amalonda, monga kufunikira kwa makina ojambulira ma doko.
- New York: Magalimoto a dizilo opitilira 8,500 lbs m'malo osankhidwa (mwachitsanzo, NYC) amafunikira kuwunika kwapachaka kwa OBD-II. Magalimoto osatsatira amalipira chindapusa mpaka $1,30026.
mgwirizano wamayiko aku Ulaya
- Germany ndi Spain: Macheke a OBD amaphatikizidwa mumayendedwe aukadaulo a periodic (PTI). Spain imagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kwa sensor-disconnection kuti izindikire kusokoneza (mwachitsanzo, SCR urea system bypasses), pomwe Germany ikukonzekera kutengeraKuwunika Pamabodi (OBM)kwa nthawi yeniyeni yotulutsa deta kufalitsa kwa owongolera.
China
- Ndondomeko zaposachedwa (mwachitsanzo,Malingaliro pa Kukomerera Kuyang'anira Zachilengedwe Pagalimoto) kutsindika kuwunika kwakutali kochokera ku OBD pamagalimoto adizilo olemera kwambiri. Magalimoto okhala ndi data yokhazikika yotulutsa mpweya amatha kudumpha kuyang'ana zochitika pachaka, pomwe osatsatira amakumana ndi zilango kapena kukumbukira.
- Njira zowunikira zosiyanitsidwa zimatsata "zigawo zitatu ndikusintha kuwiri" (mwachitsanzo, kusokoneza machitidwe a OBD kapena zida zowongolera kuipitsa).
Japan
- Ngakhale njira yogwedezeka ya ku Japan (yoyendera magalimoto) imayang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo, data ya OBD-II ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutsimikizira kutsata kwautsi, makamaka pamagalimoto akale.
4. Zovuta ndi Zatsopano
- Kusokoneza Zowopsa: Eni magalimoto ena amasokoneza machitidwe a OBD kuti alambalale zowongolera mpweya. Zotsutsana nazo zikuphatikiza kutsimikizira kwa pulogalamu ya ECU (mwachitsanzo, cheke cha CALID/CVN ku US) ndi kuwunika kwakutali kwa OBD.
- Kupita patsogolo Kwaukadaulo: Maiko monga China ndi EU akutengakutali OBD telematicsndi AI-yoyendetsedwa (kuzindikira kutali) kuti apititse patsogolo kukakamiza
Nthawi yotumiza: May-08-2025
