1. Amashanyarazi ya Acide
- Ibisobanuro: Ubwoko busanzwe bwimodoka yo gutwika imbere (ICE), igizwe na selile esheshatu 2V zikurikirana (zose hamwe 12V). Bakoresha gurşide dioxyde na sponge gurş nkibikoresho bifatika hamwe na acide sulfurike electrolyte.
- Subtypes:
- Umwuzure (Bisanzwe): Irasaba gufata igihe (urugero, kuzuza electrolyte).
- Kugenzurwa na Valve (VRLA): Harimo Bateri ya Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) na Bateri ya Gel, idafite kubungabunga kandi idasukuye139.
- Ibipimo:
- Ubushinwa GB: Kode yicyitegererezo nka6-QAW-54aerekana voltage (12V), gusaba (Q kumodoka), ubwoko (A kumashanyarazi yumye, W yo kubungabunga ubusa), ubushobozi (54Ah), no gusubiramo (a kugirango ubanze utere imbere) 15.
- Ikiyapani JIS: Urugero,NS40ZL(N = JIS isanzwe, S = ingano ntoya, Z = yongerewe imbaraga, L = ibumoso) 19.
- Ikidage DIN: Kode nka54434(5 = ubushobozi <100Ah, 44Ah ubushobozi) 15.
- Umunyamerika BCI: Urugero,58430(58 = ingano yitsinda, 430A amps akonje amps) 15.
2. Bateri ishingiye kuri Nickel
- Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd): Ntibisanzwe mu binyabiziga bigezweho kubera impungenge z’ibidukikije. Umuvuduko: 1.2V, igihe cyo kubaho ~ 500 cycle37.
- Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH): Ikoreshwa mu binyabiziga. Ubushobozi buhanitse (~ 2100mAh) nigihe cyo kubaho (~ 1000 cycle) 37.
3. Batteri ishingiye kuri Litiyumu
- Litiyumu-Ion (Li-ion): Yiganje mu binyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV). Ubucucike bukabije (3.6V kuri selile), bworoshye, ariko bwunvikana hejuru yumuriro mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro37.
- Litiyumu Polymer (Li-Po): Koresha polymer electrolyte kugirango ihindurwe kandi ituze. Ntibikunze kumeneka ariko bisaba gucunga neza37.
- Ibipimo:
- GB 38031-2025: Kugaragaza ibyangombwa byumutekano kuri bateri zikurura za EV, zirimo ituze ryumuriro, kunyeganyega, kumenagura, hamwe nibizamini byihuta byihuta kugirango wirinde umuriro / guturika210.
- GB / T 31485-2015: Itegeka ibizamini byumutekano (kwishyuza birenze urugero, imiyoboro ngufi, gushyushya, nibindi) kuri litiro-ion na bateri ya hydride ya nikel-46.
Akamaro k'ubuzima bwa Bateri kumutekano wimodoka
- Imbaraga Zitangira:
- Bateri yangiritse irashobora kunanirwa gutanga amps ihagije, biganisha kuri moteri gutangira kunanirwa, cyane cyane mubihe bikonje. Ibipimo nka BCICCA (Amps Cold Cranking Amps)reba imikorere mubushyuhe buke15.
- Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi:
- Batteri idakomeye itera ihindagurika rya voltage, yangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye (urugero, ECUs, infotainment). Ibishushanyo mbonera bitarimo gufata neza (urugero, AGM) bigabanya ingaruka ziterwa no kwangirika13.
- Kwirinda ibyago byubushyuhe:
- Bateri zitari nziza Li-ion zirashobora kwinjira mumashanyarazi, kurekura imyuka yubumara cyangwa gutera umuriro. Ibipimo nkaGB 38031-2025shyira mu bikorwa ibizamini bikomeye (urugero, ingaruka zo hasi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe) kugirango ugabanye izo ngaruka210.
- Kubahiriza Amasezerano Yumutekano:
- Bateri zishaje zirashobora kunanirwa ibizamini byumutekano nkaKurwanya kunyeganyega(DIN ibipimo) cyangwaubushobozi bwo kubika(Urutonde rwa RCI ya BCI), byongera amahirwe yo gutabara kumuhanda16.
- Ibidukikije no Gukora Ingaruka:
- Electrolyte yamenetse muri bateri yangiritse-aside yanduza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Kugenzura ubuzima buri gihe (urugero, voltage, kurwanya imbere) byemeza kubahiriza ibidukikije nibikorwa 39.
Umwanzuro
Batteri yimodoka iratandukanye na chimie na progaramu, buri kimwe kigengwa nuburinganire bwihariye bwakarere (GB, JIS, DIN, BCI). Ubuzima bwa bateri ntabwo ari ingenzi gusa ku kwizerwa kw'ibinyabiziga gusa ahubwo no mu gukumira gutsindwa kw'ibiza. Gukurikiza ibipimo bigenda bihindagurika (urugero, GB 38031-2025 byongerewe ingufu protocole yumutekano) bituma bateri zihanganira ibihe bikabije, bikarinda abakoresha n’ibidukikije. Kwipimisha buri gihe (urugero, leta-ishinzwe, ibizamini byo kurwanya imbere) ni ngombwa mugutahura amakosa hakiri kare no kubahiriza.
Ushaka uburyo burambuye bwibizamini cyangwa ibisobanuro byakarere, reba ibipimo byavuzwe hamwe nubuyobozi bukorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2025
