1. Lead-Acid Mabhatiri
- Tsanangudzo: Mhando yakajairika yeinjini yekupisa yemukati (ICE) mota, inoumbwa nemasero matanhatu e2V akateedzana (yakazara 12V). Vanoshandisa lead dioxide uye sponge lead sezvinhu zvinoshanda zvine sulfuric acid electrolyte.
- Subtypes:
- Mafashamo (Zvose): Inoda nguva nenguva kugadzirisa (semuenzaniso, electrolyte kuzadza).
- Valve-Regulated (VRLA): Inosanganisira Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) uye mabhatiri eGel, ayo asingagadzirisi uye asina kurasika139.
- Mitemo:
- Chinese GB: Model makodhi akafanana6-QAW-54aratidza voltage (12V), application (Q yemotokari), mhando (A yeyakaomeswa-yakachaja, W yekugadziridza-isina), huwandu (54Ah), uye kudzokorora (a yekutanga kunatsiridza)15.
- Japanese JIS: Eg,NS40ZL(N=JIS yakajairwa, S=idiki saizi, Z=inobuditsa mvura, L=terminal yekuruboshwe)19.
- German DIN: Makodhi akadai54434(5=capacity <100Ah, 44Ah capacity)15.
- American BCI: Eg,58430(58= saizi yeboka, 430A inotonhora inorovera amps)15.
2. Nickel-Yakavakirwa Mabhatiri
- Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd): Kashoma mumotokari dzemazuva ano nekuda kwekunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza. Voltage: 1.2V, hupenyu hurefu ~ 500 kutenderera37.
- Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH): Inoshandiswa mumotokari dzakasanganiswa. Hurefu hwepamusoro (~ 2100mAh) uye hupenyu hurefu (~ 1000 cycles)37.
3. Lithium-Yakavakirwa Mabhatiri
- Lithium-ion (Li-ion): Inotonga mumotokari dzemagetsi (EVs). Yakakwira simba density (3.6V pasero), yakareruka, asi inonzwa kune overcharging uye thermal runaway37.
- Lithium Polymer (Li-Po): Inoshandisa polymer electrolyte kuchinjika uye kugadzikana. Kusada kudonha asi kunoda manejimendi chaiwo37.
- Mitemo:
- GB 38031-2025: Inotsanangura zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza mabhatiri eEV traction, anosanganisira kugadzikana kwekupisa, kuzunguzika, kupwanya, uye nekukurumidza-chaji cycle bvunzo kudzivirira moto/kuputika210.
- GB/T 31485-2015: Inorayira miedzo yekuchengeteka (kuwedzerwa, kupfupika, kupisa, nezvimwewo) ye lithium-ion uye nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri46.
Kukosha kweHutano hweBhatiri kune Dziviriro yeMotokari
- Kuvimbika Kutanga Simba:
- Bhatiri rakaderedzwa rinogona kutadza kuunza akakwana cranking amps, zvichiita kuti injini itadze kutadza, kunyanya mumamiriro ekutonhora. Zviyero zvakaita seBCI'sCCA (Cold Cranking Amps)chengetedza kushanda mukupisa kwakaderera15.
- Electrical System Kugadzikana:
- Mabhatiri asina kusimba anokonzeresa kushanduka kwemagetsi, kukuvadza zvemagetsi zvemagetsi (semuenzaniso, ECUs, infotainment). Madhizaini asina kuchengetedzwa (semu, AGM) anoderedza kubvinza uye njodzi dzekuora13.
- Kudzivirira Thermal Hazards:
- Mabhatiri eLi-ion akanganisa anogona kupinda mumhepo inopisa, achiburitsa magasi ane muchetura kana kukonzera moto. Mitemo yakadaiGB 38031-2025simbisa kuyedzwa kwakasimba (semuenzaniso, kudzika kwepasi, kupisa kupararira kuramba) kuderedza njodzi idzi210.
- Kutevedzera Safety Protocols:
- Kuchembera mabhatiri anogona kutadza bvunzo dzekuchengetedza sengevibration resistance(DIN zviyero) kanareserve capacity(BCI's RC rating), ichiwedzera mukana wenjodzi yemumugwagwa16.
- Njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye dzeKushanda:
- Leaked electrolyte kubva kuakakuvadzwa lead-asidhi mabhatiri anosvibisa ecosystem. Kugara uchiongorora hutano (semuenzaniso, voltage, kuramba kwemukati) inovimbisa kutevedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye mashandiro maitiro39.
Mhedziso
Mabhatiri emotokari anosiyana nemakemikari uye mashandisirwo, rimwe nerimwe rinodzorwa nedunhu-chaiwo zviyero (GB, JIS, DIN, BCI). Hutano hwebhatiri hwakakosha kwete chete pakuvimbika kwemotokari asiwo kudzivirira kutadza kunotyisa. Kuomerera kumazinga ari kubuda (semuenzaniso, GB 38031-2025's yakawedzera kuchengetedza mapuroteni) inova nechokwadi chekuti mabhatiri amire nemamiriro akanyanya, kuchengetedza vese vashandisi uye nharaunda. Kuongororwa nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, mamiriro-ye-charge, bvunzo dzekupikiswa kwemukati) zvakakosha pakuona kukanganisa nekukurumidza uye kutevedzera.
Kuti uwane akadzama bvunzo maitiro kana matunhu maratidziro, tarisa kune yakataurwa zviyero uye nhungamiro yevagadziri.
Nguva yekutumira: May-16-2025
