Umhlalutyi weBattery Tester: Iintlobo zeBattery yeMoto kunye neMigangatho eBalulekileyo

1. Iibhetri zeLead-Acid

• Inkcazo: Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lweenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi (ICE) izithuthi, eziqulunqwe ngeeseli ezintandathu ze-2V kwichungechunge (i-12V iyonke). Basebenzisa i-lead dioxide kunye ne-sponge lead njengezinto ezisebenzayo kunye ne-sulfuric acid electrolyte.
• Iintlobo ezincinci:
  • Isikhukula (Esiqhelekileyo): Ifuna ukugcinwa kwamaxesha athile (umzekelo, ukugcwalisa i-electrolyte).
  • IValve-Regulated (VRLA): Ibandakanya i-Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) kunye neebhetri zeGel, ezingenakugcinwa kunye nokuchithwa139.
• Imigangatho:
  • IsiTshayina GB: Iikhowudi zemodeli ezifana6-QAW-54abonisa amandla ombane (i-12V), usetyenziso (i-Q yemoto), uhlobo (A lwe-dry-charged, i-W yokugcinwa kwe-free), umthamo (54Ah), kunye nokuhlaziywa (a kuphuculo lokuqala)15.
  • I-JIS yaseJapan: umz.NS40ZL(N=umgangatho we-JIS, S=ubungakanani obuncinane, Z=ikhupholo ephuculweyo, L=itheminali yasekhohlo)19.
  • I-DIN yaseJamani: Iikhowudi ezifana54434(5=umthamo <100Ah, 44Ah umthamo)15.
  • I-BCI yaseMelika: umz.58430(58=ubungakanani beqela, 430A ii-amps ezibandayo ezibandayo)15.

2. Iibhetri eziSekwe kwiNickel

• I-Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd): Inqabile kwiimoto zanamhlanje ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo. Voltage: 1.2V, ubomi ~ 500 imijikelo37.
• I-Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH): Isetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezixubileyo. Umthamo ophezulu (~ 2100mAh) kunye nobomi (~ 1000 imijikelo)37.

3. Iibhetri eziSekwe kwiLithium

• ILithium-Ion (Li-ion): Ilawula kwizithuthi zombane (EVs). Uxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu (3.6V ngeseli nganye), ilula, kodwa inovelwano kwi-overcharging kunye ne-thermal runaway37.
• Ipolymer yeLithium (Li-Po): Isebenzisa i-polymer electrolyte ukuguquguquka kunye nokuzinza. Ukuthanda ukuvuza kancinci kodwa kufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo37.
• Imigangatho:
  • GB 38031-2025: Ichaza iimfuno zokhuseleko kwiibhetri ze-EV traction, kubandakanywa ukuzinza kwe-thermal, ukungcangcazela, ukutyumza, kunye novavanyo lomjikelo okhawulezayo wokuthintela umlilo / ukuqhuma210.
  • GB/T 31485-2015: Igunyazisa iimvavanyo zokhuseleko (i-overcharge, i-short-circuit, ukufudumeza, njl.) kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye ne-nickel-metal hydride46.

Ukubaluleka kweMpilo yeBhetri kuKhuseleko lweziThuthi

1. Amandla okuqalisa athembekileyo:
   • Ibhetri ethotyiweyo inokusilela ukunikezela nge-amp yokukranxa eyaneleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kukusilela kokuqalisa kwe-injini, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezibandayo. Imigangatho efana ne-BCI'sI-CCAqinisekisa ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi15.
2. Uzinzo lweNkqubo yoMbane:
   • Iibhetri ezibuthathaka zibangela ukuhla kwamandla ombane, ukonakalisa i-elektroniki ebuthathaka (umz., ii-ECU, i-infotainment). Uyilo olunganalugcino (umzekelo, iAGM) lucutha ukuvuza kunye nemingcipheko yomhlwa13.
3. Ukuthintela iiNgozi zeThermal:
   • Iibhetri ze-Li-ion ezingalunganga zinokungena kwindawo yokubaleka eshushu, ikhuphe iigesi eziyityhefu okanye ibangele imililo. Imigangatho efanaGB 38031-2025ukunyanzelisa uvavanyo olungqongqo (umzekelo, impembelelo esezantsi, ukuxhathisa ekusasazweni kobushushu) ukunciphisa le mingcipheko210.
4. Ukuthotyelwa kweMigaqo yoKhuseleko:
   • Iibhetri ezigugayo zinokungaphumeleli kwiimvavanyo zokhuseleko ezifanaukuxhathisa ukungcangcazela(imigangatho yeDIN) okanyeukugcina umthamo(i-BCI's RC rating), inyusa ukubakho kweemeko zikaxakeka ezisecaleni kwendlela16.
5. Imingcipheko yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nokuSebenza:
   • I-electrolyte evuzayo esuka kwiibhetri ezonakalisiweyo ze-asidi yelothe ingcolisa i-ecosystem. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwempilo (umzekelo, amandla ombane, ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi) kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza39.

Ukuqukumbela

Iibhetri zeemoto ziyahluka ngekhemistri kunye nesicelo, nganye ilawulwa yimigangatho ethile yengingqi (GB, JIS, DIN, BCI). Impilo yebhetri ibalulekile kungekuphela nje ekuthembekeni kwesithuthi kodwa nasekuthinteleni ukusilela okuyintlekele. Ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho eguqukayo (umz., iiprothokholi zokhuseleko eziphuculweyo ze-GB 38031-2025) ziqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zimelana neemeko ezinzima, zikhusela abasebenzisi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Uxilongo lwarhoqo (umzekelo, imeko yokuhlawula, iimvavanyo zangaphakathi zokuxhathisa) zibalulekile ekubhaqweni kwempazamo kwangethuba kunye nokuthotyelwa.

Ngeenkqubo zovavanyo ezineenkcukacha okanye iinkcukacha zengingqi, jonga kwimigangatho ekhankanyiweyo kunye nezikhokelo zomenzi.