Iukuhlola intuthu(ukuhlola ukukhishwa kwegesi) kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthobela imvelo yemoto, okwenza kube lulaI-On-board Diagnostics II (OBD-II)uhlelo lokuqapha kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezikhishwayo. Ngezansi kukhona incazelo enemininingwane yokusebenza kwayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo emazweni ahlukene.
1. Imisebenzi Ebalulekile ye-OBD-II Ekuhloleni Intuthu
Uhlelo lwe-OBD-II ngokuqhubekayo luqapha izingxenye ezihlobene nokukhipha kanye nezinhlelo ezingaphansi, ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle okungase kuholele ekukhishweni kokungcolisa ngokweqile. Imisebenzi esemqoka ihlanganisa:
- Ukuqapha Ukukhishwa Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Ilandelela izingxenye ezifana neziguquli ze-catalytic, izinzwa ze-oxygen, amasistimu e-exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), nezilawuli zokukhishwa kwe-evaporative. Isibonelo, i-OBD-II iqhathanisa amasiginali wenzwa ye-oxygen yangaphambi nangemuva kwe-catalytic ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kahle kwe-catalytic. Ukungafani kubangela ikhodi yephutha (isb, P0420) futhi kukhanyisa Isibani Sesikhombi Esingasebenzi (MIL).
- I-Fault Code Storage: Amarekhodi ezinkinga zokuxilonga (DTCs) uma ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kudlula imingcele, kusiza ochwepheshe ekutholeni izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
- Ukulungela Abaqaphi: Ihlola ukuthi ingabe wonke amasistimu ahlobene nokukhipha isiqedile ukuzihlola. Izimoto ezinamamonitha angaphelele zingase zehluleke ukuhlola intuthu ngisho noma awekho ama-DTC.
2. Izicelo Ezisebenzayo Zokuhlola Intuthu
- Ukuthotshelwa kwe-Emission: Iqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zithobelana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi yomoya wesifunda ngokuhlonza i-NOx, CO, noma ukukhishwa kwe-hydrocarbon ngokweqile.
- Ukulungisa Okuhlosiwe: Ihlinzeka ngedatha ethathekayo yomakhenikha ukuze babhekane namaphutha athile, kuncishiswe isikhathi sokulungisa nezindleko.
- Ukugcinwa Kwenqubomgomo: Ihlanganisa nemithetho kahulumeni ukuze kuqedwe izimoto ezikhishwa igesi ephezulu noma igunya lokukhumbula amamodeli anesici.
3. Ukuqaliswa Kwenqubomgomo Yomhlaba Wonke
I-united states
- California: Njengomsunguli wemithethonqubo yokukhipha umoya, i-California igunyaza ukuthi i-OBD-II ihlole izitifiketi zentuthu. Izimoto kufanele zidlule izikena ze-OBD-II, ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-MIL, nokuhlola kokuqapha ukulungela. I-California Air Resources Board (CARB) iphinde isebenzise imithetho eqinile ezimotweni zentengiso, njengokudinga amasistimu wokuthwebula ukungcola ezikhumulweni.
- I-New York: Izimoto zikadizili ezingaphezu kuka-8,500 lbs ezindaweni eziqokiwe (isb, NYC) zidinga ukuhlolwa kwe-OBD-II yonyaka. Izimoto ezingahambisani nemithetho zibhekene nenhlawulo efika ku-$1,30026.
iyuniyani yase-Europe
- EJalimane naseSpain: Ukuhlolwa kwe-OBD kuhlanganiswe nokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngezikhathi ezithile (PTI). ISpain isebenzisa ukuhlola kokunqanyulwa kwezinzwa ukuze kutholwe ukuphazanyiswa (isb.Ukuqapha Okusebhodini (OBM)ukudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kubalawuli.
China
- Izinqubomgomo zakamuva (isb.Imibono Yokuthuthukisa Ukuqondisa Kwemvelo Kwezimoto) gcizelela ukuqapha okukude okusekelwe ku-OBD kwamaloli adizili asebenza kanzima. Izimoto ezinedatha ekhiphayo ezinzile zingase zeqe ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwaminyaka yonke, kuyilapho ezingathobeli mthetho zibhekana nezijeziso noma ukukhumbula.
- Izinqubo zokuhlola ezihlukene ziqondise “amaphuzu amathathu nokulungiswa okubili” (isb., ukuphazamisa amasistimu e-OBD noma amathuluzi okulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo).
Japan
- Nakuba uhlelo lwase-Japan olunyakaziswayo (lokuhlolwa kwezimoto) lugxile ekuphepheni, idatha ye-OBD-II isetshenziswa ngokwandayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kokungcola, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezindala.
4. Izinselele kanye Nezintsha
- Ukuphazamisa Izingozi: Abanye abanikazi bezimoto bakhohlisa amasistimu e-OBD ukuze badlule izilawuli ezikhishwayo. Izinyathelo eziphikisayo zihlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwesofthiwe ye-ECU (isb, ukuhlola kwe-CALID/CVN e-US) nokuqapha okukude kwe-OBD.
- Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Amazwe afana ne-China ne-EU ayamukelakude kwe-OBD telematicskanye ne-AI eshayelwa (inzwa eyirimothi) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqinisa umthetho
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-08-2025
